Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	13
Number of observations	380
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	38.7 KiB
Average record size in memory	104.3 B

Variable types

Numeric	10
Categorical	3

Alerts

`HS` is highly correlated with `HST`	High correlation
`AS` is highly correlated with `AST`	High correlation
`HST` is highly correlated with `HS`	High correlation
`AST` is highly correlated with `AS`	High correlation
`HS` is highly correlated with `HST`	High correlation
`AS` is highly correlated with `AST`	High correlation
`HST` is highly correlated with `HS`	High correlation
`AST` is highly correlated with `AS`	High correlation
`HS` is highly correlated with `HST`	High correlation
`AS` is highly correlated with `AST`	High correlation
`HST` is highly correlated with `HS`	High correlation
`AST` is highly correlated with `AS`	High correlation
`HS` is highly correlated with `HST`	High correlation
`AS` is highly correlated with `AST` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`HST` is highly correlated with `HS`	High correlation
`AST` is highly correlated with `AS`	High correlation
`HF` is highly correlated with `HY`	High correlation
`AC` is highly correlated with `AS`	High correlation
`HY` is highly correlated with `HF`	High correlation
`AST` has 4 (1.1%) zeros	Zeros
`HC` has 6 (1.6%) zeros	Zeros
`AC` has 6 (1.6%) zeros	Zeros
`HY` has 94 (24.7%) zeros	Zeros
`AY` has 64 (16.8%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-04-05 05:13:36.430439
Analysis finished	2022-04-05 05:13:57.596067
Duration	21.17 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.1
Download configuration	config.json

HS
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	28
Distinct (%)	7.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	13.80263158

Minimum	1
Maximum	32
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	6
Q1	11
median	13.5
Q3	17
95-th percentile	23
Maximum	32
Range	31
Interquartile range (IQR)	6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.77244658
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3457635272
Kurtosis	0.3982875386
Mean	13.80263158
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.5
Skewness	0.347270232
Sum	5245
Variance	22.77624635
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=28)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13	39	10.3%
14	36	9.5%
11	34	8.9%
17	29	7.6%
12	27	7.1%
15	25	6.6%
16	25	6.6%
10	24	6.3%
9	20	5.3%
19	18	4.7%
Other values (18)	103	27.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.3%
2	1	0.3%
3	2	0.5%
4	3	0.8%
5	3	0.8%
6	12	3.2%
7	11	2.9%
8	13	3.4%
9	20	5.3%
10	24	6.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32	1	0.3%
27	2	0.5%
26	3	0.8%
25	1	0.3%
24	6	1.6%
23	8	2.1%
22	3	0.8%
21	6	1.6%
20	11	2.9%
19	18	4.7%

AS
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	23
Distinct (%)	6.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	11.06315789

Minimum	2
Maximum	25
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	4
Q1	8
median	11
Q3	13
95-th percentile	18
Maximum	25
Range	23
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.215339562
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3810249842
Kurtosis	0.3009830451
Mean	11.06315789
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	0.3844329432
Sum	4204
Variance	17.76908763
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=23)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	40	10.5%
11	40	10.5%
13	38	10.0%
12	36	9.5%
9	32	8.4%
7	31	8.2%
14	21	5.5%
8	18	4.7%
16	18	4.7%
6	17	4.5%
Other values (13)	89	23.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	3	0.8%
3	7	1.8%
4	11	2.9%
5	14	3.7%
6	17	4.5%
7	31	8.2%
8	18	4.7%
9	32	8.4%
10	40	10.5%
11	40	10.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25	1	0.3%
24	3	0.8%
23	2	0.5%
21	2	0.5%
20	2	0.5%
19	7	1.8%
18	7	1.8%
17	15	3.9%
16	18	4.7%
15	15	3.9%

HST
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	19
Distinct (%)	5.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	7.657894737

Minimum	0
Maximum	18
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	2
Q1	5
median	7
Q3	10
95-th percentile	14
Maximum	18
Range	18
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.428703269
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4477344476
Kurtosis	-0.3033393372
Mean	7.657894737
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.3379770372
Sum	2910
Variance	11.75600611
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=19)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	52	13.7%
8	42	11.1%
5	38	10.0%
6	35	9.2%
9	31	8.2%
10	30	7.9%
4	29	7.6%
11	24	6.3%
12	23	6.1%
3	23	6.1%
Other values (9)	53	13.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.3%
1	5	1.3%
2	14	3.7%
3	23	6.1%
4	29	7.6%
5	38	10.0%
6	35	9.2%
7	52	13.7%
8	42	11.1%
9	31	8.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18	1	0.3%
17	1	0.3%
16	4	1.1%
15	7	1.8%
14	9	2.4%
13	11	2.9%
12	23	6.1%
11	24	6.3%
10	30	7.9%
9	31	8.2%

AST
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	16
Distinct (%)	4.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.955263158

Minimum	0
Maximum	20
Zeros	4
Zeros (%)	1.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	2
Q1	4
median	6
Q3	8
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	20
Range	20
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.956250689
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4964097489
Kurtosis	0.6620360997
Mean	5.955263158
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.4886485985
Sum	2263
Variance	8.739418136
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=16)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	51	13.4%
4	48	12.6%
5	48	12.6%
6	44	11.6%
3	32	8.4%
9	32	8.4%
2	31	8.2%
8	30	7.9%
10	23	6.1%
1	14	3.7%
Other values (6)	27	7.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4	1.1%
1	14	3.7%
2	31	8.2%
3	32	8.4%
4	48	12.6%
5	48	12.6%
6	44	11.6%
7	51	13.4%
8	30	7.9%
9	32	8.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	0.3%
14	3	0.8%
13	3	0.8%
12	3	0.8%
11	13	3.4%
10	23	6.1%
9	32	8.4%
8	30	7.9%
7	51	13.4%
6	44	11.6%

HF
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	19
Distinct (%)	5.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	10.98684211

Minimum	3
Maximum	21
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	6
Q1	8
median	11
Q3	13
95-th percentile	17
Maximum	21
Range	18
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.450721392
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3140776357
Kurtosis	-0.5250702246
Mean	10.98684211
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	0.2594516024
Sum	4175
Variance	11.90747813
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=19)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	39	10.3%
12	38	10.0%
10	38	10.0%
13	37	9.7%
9	36	9.5%
15	35	9.2%
8	34	8.9%
7	33	8.7%
6	24	6.3%
14	16	4.2%
Other values (9)	50	13.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	1	0.3%
4	2	0.5%
5	9	2.4%
6	24	6.3%
7	33	8.7%
8	34	8.9%
9	36	9.5%
10	38	10.0%
11	39	10.3%
12	38	10.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
21	1	0.3%
20	1	0.3%
19	6	1.6%
18	4	1.1%
17	10	2.6%
16	16	4.2%
15	35	9.2%
14	16	4.2%
13	37	9.7%
12	38	10.0%

AF
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	21
Distinct (%)	5.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	11.42894737

Minimum	2
Maximum	24
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	6
Q1	9
median	11
Q3	14
95-th percentile	18
Maximum	24
Range	22
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.481228053
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.304597435
Kurtosis	0.2190760594
Mean	11.42894737
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.219575488
Sum	4343
Variance	12.11894876
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=21)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	50	13.2%
11	45	11.8%
13	40	10.5%
12	38	10.0%
9	36	9.5%
14	35	9.2%
8	30	7.9%
15	17	4.5%
7	16	4.2%
16	15	3.9%
Other values (11)	58	15.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.3%
3	3	0.8%
4	4	1.1%
5	9	2.4%
6	9	2.4%
7	16	4.2%
8	30	7.9%
9	36	9.5%
10	50	13.2%
11	45	11.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
24	1	0.3%
21	1	0.3%
20	2	0.5%
19	7	1.8%
18	10	2.6%
17	11	2.9%
16	15	3.9%
15	17	4.5%
14	35	9.2%
13	40	10.5%

HC
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	18
Distinct (%)	4.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.044736842

Minimum	0
Maximum	17
Zeros	6
Zeros (%)	1.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	2
Q1	4
median	5
Q3	8
95-th percentile	12
Maximum	17
Range	17
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.107671788
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5141120067
Kurtosis	0.5393424423
Mean	6.044736842
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.7041762858
Sum	2297
Variance	9.657623941
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=18)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	56	14.7%
5	56	14.7%
3	45	11.8%
8	40	10.5%
6	38	10.0%
7	36	9.5%
10	22	5.8%
9	22	5.8%
2	19	5.0%
11	11	2.9%
Other values (8)	35	9.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	6	1.6%
1	9	2.4%
2	19	5.0%
3	45	11.8%
4	56	14.7%
5	56	14.7%
6	38	10.0%
7	36	9.5%
8	40	10.5%
9	22	5.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	1	0.3%
16	3	0.8%
15	2	0.5%
14	3	0.8%
13	3	0.8%
12	8	2.1%
11	11	2.9%
10	22	5.8%
9	22	5.8%
8	40	10.5%

AC
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	16
Distinct (%)	4.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.997368421

Minimum	0
Maximum	16
Zeros	6
Zeros (%)	1.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	3
median	5
Q3	7
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	16
Range	16
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.834482995
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5671951227
Kurtosis	1.041808135
Mean	4.997368421
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.9055941766
Sum	1899
Variance	8.034293848
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=16)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	63	16.6%
3	56	14.7%
5	50	13.2%
6	44	11.6%
2	41	10.8%
7	39	10.3%
1	22	5.8%
8	19	5.0%
11	11	2.9%
9	10	2.6%
Other values (6)	25	6.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	6	1.6%
1	22	5.8%
2	41	10.8%
3	56	14.7%
4	63	16.6%
5	50	13.2%
6	44	11.6%
7	39	10.3%
8	19	5.0%
9	10	2.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
16	2	0.5%
14	1	0.3%
13	3	0.8%
12	5	1.3%
11	11	2.9%
10	8	2.1%
9	10	2.6%
8	19	5.0%
7	39	10.3%
6	44	11.6%

HY
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	1.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.413157895

Minimum	0
Maximum	7
Zeros	94
Zeros (%)	24.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	2
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	7
Range	7
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.16017264
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8209787772
Kurtosis	0.9185688125
Mean	1.413157895
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.7573984279
Sum	537
Variance	1.346000555
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	120	31.6%
2	102	26.8%
0	94	24.7%
3	49	12.9%
4	11	2.9%
5	3	0.8%
7	1	0.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	94	24.7%
1	120	31.6%
2	102	26.8%
3	49	12.9%
4	11	2.9%
5	3	0.8%
7	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	1	0.3%
5	3	0.8%
4	11	2.9%
3	49	12.9%
2	102	26.8%
1	120	31.6%
0	94	24.7%

AY
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	2.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.839473684

Minimum	0
Maximum	7
Zeros	64
Zeros (%)	16.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	3
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	7
Range	7
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.30475879
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7093109303
Kurtosis	0.2904893543
Mean	1.839473684
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.543688834
Sum	699
Variance	1.702395501
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	113	29.7%
1	94	24.7%
3	72	18.9%
0	64	16.8%
4	26	6.8%
5	8	2.1%
6	2	0.5%
7	1	0.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	64	16.8%
1	94	24.7%
2	113	29.7%
3	72	18.9%
4	26	6.8%
5	8	2.1%
6	2	0.5%
7	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	1	0.3%
6	2	0.5%
5	8	2.1%
4	26	6.8%
3	72	18.9%
2	113	29.7%
1	94	24.7%
0	64	16.8%

HR
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

0	351
1	29

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	380
Distinct characters	2
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	1

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	351	92.4%
1	29	7.6%

AR
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

0	348
1	30
2	2

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	380
Distinct characters	3
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	348	91.6%
1	30	7.9%
2	2	0.5%

FTR
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.1 KiB

H	179
D	111
A	90

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	380
Distinct characters	3
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	H
2nd row	H
3rd row	D
4th row	H
5th row	D

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	179	47.1%
D	111	29.2%
A	90	23.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
h	179	47.1%
d	111	29.2%
a	90	23.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	179	47.1%
D	111	29.2%
A	90	23.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Uppercase Letter	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	179	47.1%
D	111	29.2%
A	90	23.7%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	179	47.1%
D	111	29.2%
A	90	23.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	380	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	179	47.1%
D	111	29.2%
A	90	23.7%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	AR	FTR
0	23	12	11	2	15	15	16	7	1	2	0	0	H
1	7	17	2	12	19	14	1	3	2	1	0	0	H
2	13	12	9	7	12	13	4	8	1	3	0	0	D
3	18	10	13	4	10	10	3	1	1	0	0	0	H
4	6	13	2	7	13	10	3	6	3	3	1	0	D
5	22	11	18	7	13	16	10	3	0	2	0	0	D
6	11	9	6	7	8	11	6	4	1	1	0	0	A
7	13	10	7	6	17	13	5	5	0	2	0	0	H
8	7	14	4	7	13	15	9	11	1	3	1	1	D
9	18	7	10	3	9	5	5	3	2	2	0	0	H

Last rows

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	FTR
370	10	9	8	4	12	12	4	5	2	2	0	H
371	16	16	8	10	11	10	6	5	1	1	1	A
372	11	19	3	9	12	14	6	5	3	2	1	H
373	10	12	6	6	12	5	5	3	2	1	1	D
374	18	14	11	7	8	5	8	8	2	1	0	H
375	15	13	10	7	5	8	7	6	0	0	0	D
376	11	11	5	9	10	9	5	3	1	4	0	A
377	22	7	16	3	5	15	7	5	0	3	0	H
378	17	17	12	12	7	8	4	6	0	2	0	A
379	12	13	5	10	12	9	8	3	3	1	0	A

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	AR	FTR
0	23	12	11	2	15	15	16	7	1	2	0	0	H
1	7	17	2	12	19	14	1	3	2	1	0	0	H
2	13	12	9	7	12	13	4	8	1	3	0	0	D
3	18	10	13	4	10	10	3	1	1	0	0	0	H
4	6	13	2	7	13	10	3	6	3	3	1	0	D
5	22	11	18	7	13	16	10	3	0	2	0	0	D
6	11	9	6	7	8	11	6	4	1	1	0	0	A
7	13	10	7	6	17	13	5	5	0	2	0	0	H
8	7	14	4	7	13	15	9	11	1	3	1	1	D
9	18	7	10	3	9	5	5	3	2	2	0	0	H

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	FTR
370	10	9	8	4	12	12	4	5	2	2	0	H
371	16	16	8	10	11	10	6	5	1	1	1	A
372	11	19	3	9	12	14	6	5	3	2	1	H
373	10	12	6	6	12	5	5	3	2	1	1	D
374	18	14	11	7	8	5	8	8	2	1	0	H
375	15	13	10	7	5	8	7	6	0	0	0	D
376	11	11	5	9	10	9	5	3	1	4	0	A
377	22	7	16	3	5	15	7	5	0	3	0	H
378	17	17	12	12	7	8	4	6	0	2	0	A
379	12	13	5	10	12	9	8	3	3	1	0	A

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	AR	FTR
0	23	12	11	2	15	15	16	7	1	2	0	0	H
1	7	17	2	12	19	14	1	3	2	1	0	0	H
2	13	12	9	7	12	13	4	8	1	3	0	0	D
3	18	10	13	4	10	10	3	1	1	0	0	0	H
4	6	13	2	7	13	10	3	6	3	3	1	0	D
5	22	11	18	7	13	16	10	3	0	2	0	0	D
6	11	9	6	7	8	11	6	4	1	1	0	0	A
7	13	10	7	6	17	13	5	5	0	2	0	0	H
8	7	14	4	7	13	15	9	11	1	3	1	1	D
9	18	7	10	3	9	5	5	3	2	2	0	0	H

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	FTR
370	10	9	8	4	12	12	4	5	2	2	0	H
371	16	16	8	10	11	10	6	5	1	1	1	A
372	11	19	3	9	12	14	6	5	3	2	1	H
373	10	12	6	6	12	5	5	3	2	1	1	D
374	18	14	11	7	8	5	8	8	2	1	0	H
375	15	13	10	7	5	8	7	6	0	0	0	D
376	11	11	5	9	10	9	5	3	1	4	0	A
377	22	7	16	3	5	15	7	5	0	3	0	H
378	17	17	12	12	7	8	4	6	0	2	0	A
379	12	13	5	10	12	9	8	3	3	1	0	A

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Cramér's V (φc)

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	AR	FTR
0	23	12	11	2	15	15	16	7	1	2	0	0	H
1	7	17	2	12	19	14	1	3	2	1	0	0	H
2	13	12	9	7	12	13	4	8	1	3	0	0	D
3	18	10	13	4	10	10	3	1	1	0	0	0	H
4	6	13	2	7	13	10	3	6	3	3	1	0	D
5	22	11	18	7	13	16	10	3	0	2	0	0	D
6	11	9	6	7	8	11	6	4	1	1	0	0	A
7	13	10	7	6	17	13	5	5	0	2	0	0	H
8	7	14	4	7	13	15	9	11	1	3	1	1	D
9	18	7	10	3	9	5	5	3	2	2	0	0	H

	HS	AS	HST	AST	HF	AF	HC	AC	HY	AY	HR	FTR
370	10	9	8	4	12	12	4	5	2	2	0	H
371	16	16	8	10	11	10	6	5	1	1	1	A
372	11	19	3	9	12	14	6	5	3	2	1	H
373	10	12	6	6	12	5	5	3	2	1	1	D
374	18	14	11	7	8	5	8	8	2	1	0	H
375	15	13	10	7	5	8	7	6	0	0	0	D
376	11	11	5	9	10	9	5	3	1	4	0	A
377	22	7	16	3	5	15	7	5	0	3	0	H
378	17	17	12	12	7	8	4	6	0	2	0	A
379	12	13	5	10	12	9	8	3	3	1	0	A